Template:Cite report

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Citation Style 1 templates

{{Cite arXiv}}	arXiv preprints
{{Cite AV media}}	audio and visual media
{{Cite AV media notes}}	AV media liner notes
{{Cite bioRxiv}}	bioRxiv preprints
{{Cite book}}	books and chapters
{{Cite citeseerx}}	CiteSeerX papers
{{Cite conference}}	conference papers
{{Cite encyclopedia}}	edited collections
{{Cite episode}}	radio or TV episodes
{{Cite interview}}	interviews
{{Cite journal}}	academic journals
{{Cite magazine}}	magazines, periodicals
{{Cite mailing list}}	public mailing lists
{{Cite map}}	maps
{{Cite news}}	news articles
{{Cite newsgroup}}	online newsgroups
{{Cite podcast}}	podcasts
{{Cite press release}}	press releases
{{Cite report}}	reports
{{Cite serial}}	audio or video serials
{{Cite sign}}	signs, plaques
{{Cite speech}}	speeches
{{Cite ssrn}}	SSRN papers
{{Cite techreport}}	technical reports
{{Cite thesis}}	theses
{{Cite web}}	web sources not covered by the above
See also	Specific-source templates Wrapper templates

This Citation Style 1 template is used to create citations for reports by government departments, instrumentalities, operated companies, etc. Examples include: government printed reports which lack ISSN or ISBN numbers, and reports from major semi-governmental instrumentalities that are freely circulating and available for verification, but which lack a formal ISBN/ISSN publication process.

Usage

Copy a blank version to use. Almost all parameter names are supported only in lower case (some initialisms, such as Template:Para have upper case aliases like Template:Para, which are acceptable for use). Use the "|" (pipe) character between each parameter. Unused parameters may be deleted to avoid clutter in the edit window. Some samples on this documentation page may include the current date. If the date is not current, then the page.

Most commonly used parameters in horizontal format

{{cite report |author= |author-link= |authors= |date= |title= |url= |publisher= |page= |docket= |access-date= |quote=}} Full parameter set in vertical format Vertical list Prerequisites Brief instructions / notes {{cite report | author = <!-- or |last= and |first= --> | author-link = | authors = | date = <!-- or |year= --> | title = | url = | publisher = | format = | others = | edition = | location = | chapter = | section = | page = | pages = | docket = | access-date = | quote = }} If a field name is listed in the Prerequisites column, it is a prerequisite for the field to the left. Example Parameters Syntax Nested parameters rely on their parent parameters: parent OR: parent2—may be used instead of parent child—may be used with parent (and is ignored if parent is not used) OR: child2—may be used instead of child (and is ignored if parent2 is not used) Where aliases are listed, only one of the parameters may be defined; if multiple aliased parameters are defined, then only one will show. By default, sets of fields are terminated with a period (.). COinS This template embeds COinS metadata in the HTML output, allowing reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. REDIRECT Template:Crossreference As a general rule, only one data item per parameter. Do not include explanatory or alternate text: use Template:Para not Template:Para Use of templates within the citation template is discouraged because many of these templates will add extraneous HTML or CSS that will be included raw in the metadata. Also, HTML entities, for example &nbsp;, &ndash;, etc., should not be used in parameters that contribute to the metadata. COinS metadata is created for these parameters Note: This table of metadata is displayed for all Citation Style 1 templates. Not all of these parameters are supported by every CS1 template. Some of these parameters are mutually exclusive, some are aliases of another parameter, and some require other parameters to be present. Please refer to each template's documentation for a full list of supported parameters, their aliases, and their dependencies. Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para Template:Para, Template:Para Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para, Template:Para Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para Deprecated Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters Deprecated parameter Replace with Date Template:Para if the source named by these parameters is important to the Wikipedia article, create a cs1|2 template for that source with all of the appropriate bibliographic information 2021-01-03 Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para 2022-01-22 Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters Removed parameter Replace with Date Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para May 2021 Template:Para Template:Para May 2021 Template:Para Template:Para April 2021 Template:Para Template:Para April 2021 Template:Para Template:Para September 2019 Template:Para Template:Para September 2019 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para (one editor) or Template:Para (more than one editor) or Template:Para (for Vancouver style editors). Consider splitting Template:Para into Template:Para and Template:Para, if possible. Consider Template:Para, if annotation is required. January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para May 2021 Template:Para (delete) January 2021 Template:Para (delete) January 2021 Template:Para (delete) January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para April 2021 Template:Para Template:Para April 2021 Template:Para Template:Para April 2021 Template:Para Template:Para May 2021 Template:Para Template:Para May 2021 Template:Para Template:Para April 2021 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para May 2021 Template:Para Template:Para October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para May 2021 Template:Para Template:Para May 2021 Template:Para Template:Para January 2020 Template:Para Template:Para April 2021 Template:Para Template:Para May 2021 Template:Para Template:Para April 2021 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para (delete) October 2020 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para January 2021 Template:Para Template:Para January 2020 Template:Para Template:Para April 2021 Template:Para Template:Para April 2021 Template:Para Template:Para restored January 2022 as deprecated May 2021 Description Authors last: Surname of a single author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. For corporate authors or authors for whom only one name is listed by the source, use last or one of its aliases (e.g. Template:Para). Aliases: surname, author, last1, surname1, author1. author: this parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single author (first and last) or to hold the name of a corporate author. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one author. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. first: Given or first names of author; for example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use author-link instead. Aliases: given, first1, given1. Requires last; first name will not display if last is empty. OR: for multiple authors, use last1, first1 through lastn, firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of authors (each firstn requires a corresponding lastn, but not the other way around). REDIRECT Template:Crossreference Aliases: surname1, given1 through surnamen, givenn, or author1 through authorn. For an individual author plus an institutional author, you can use Template:ParaTemplate:ParaTemplate:Para. author-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author—not the author's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: author-link1, author1-link, authorlink. OR: for multiple authors, use author-link1 through author-linkn. Aliases: author1-link through authorn-link. name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters. vauthors: comma-separated list of author names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional author names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate: Template:Para author-link and author-mask may be used for the individual names in Template:Para as described above authors: Free-form list of author names; use of this parameter is discouraged because it does not contribute to a citation's metadata; not an alias of last. translator-last: Surname of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-surname, translator1, translator1-last, translator-last1. translator-first: Given or first names of translator. Do not wikilink—use translator-link instead. Aliases: translator-given, translator1-first, translator-first1. OR: for multiple translators, use translator-last1, translator-first1 through translator-lastn, translator-firstn, where n is any consecutive number for an unlimited number of translators (each translator-firstn requires a corresponding translator-lastn, but not the other way around). Aliases: translator1-last, translator1-first through translatorn-last, translatorn-first, or translator1 through translatorn. translator-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the translator—not the translator's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: translator-link1, translator1-link. OR: for multiple translators, use translator-link1 through translator-linkn. Aliases: translator1-link through translatorn-link. collaboration: Name of a group of authors or collaborators; requires author, last, or vauthors listing one or more primary authors; follows author name-list; appends "et al." to author name-list. others: To record other contributors to the work, including illustrators. For the parameter value, write Illustrated by John Smith. Note: When using shortened footnotes or parenthetical referencing styles with templates, do not use multiple names in one field, or else the anchor will not match the inline link. Date date: Date of referenced source. Can be full date (day, month, and year) or partial date (month and year, season and year, or year). Use same format as other publication dates in the citations. Required when year is used to disambiguate {{sfn}} links to multiple-work citations by the same author in the same year.[more] Do not wikilink. Displays after the authors and is enclosed in parentheses. If there is no author, then displays after the publisher. REDIRECT Template:Crossreference For approximate year, precede with "c. ", like this: Template:Para. For no date, or "undated", use Template:Para The date of a Web page, PDF, etc. with no visible date can sometimes be established by searching the page source or document code for a created or updated date; a comment for editors such as date=2021-12-25<!--date from page source-->|orig-date=Original date 2011-01-01 can be added. Automatic date formatting: Citation Style 1 and 2 templates, including this template, automatically render dates in all date parameters (such as Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, etc.) except for Template:Para in the style specified by the article's {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template. See those templates' documentation for details. year: Year of source being referenced. The usage of this parameter is discouraged; use the more flexible Template:Para parameter instead unless both of the following conditions are met: The Template:Para format is YYYY-MM-DD. The citation requires a CITEREF disambiguator. orig-date: Original publication date or year; displays in square brackets after the date (or year). For clarity, please supply specifics. For example: Template:Para or Template:Para. As Template:Para does not support automatic date formatting, use the same date format as defined by Template:Para (or, if it exists in the article, by Template:Para of a {{use dmy dates}} or {{use mdy dates}} template), or as used in the Template:Para parameter. Alias: orig-year df: date format; sets rendered dates to the specified format; does not support date ranges or seasonal dates; overrides the automatic date formatting described above. Accepts one value which may be one of these: dmy – set publication dates to day month year format; access- and archive-dates are not modified; mdy – as above for month day, year format ymd – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD dmy-all – set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format; mdy-all – as above for month day, year format ymd-all – as above for year initial numeric format YYYY-MM-DD Editors editor-last: surname of editor. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Where the surname is usually written first—as in Chinese—or for corporate authors, simply use editor-last to include the same format as the source. Aliases: editor-last1, editor1-last, editor-surname, editor-surname1, editor1-surname, editor, editor1. editor: This parameter is used to hold the complete name of a single editor (first and last), or the name of an editorial committee. This parameter should never hold the names of more than one editor. editor-first: given or first names of editor, including title(s); example: Firstname Middlename or Firstname M. or Dr. Firstname M., Sr. Do not wikilink—use editor-link instead. Aliases: editor-first1, editor1-first, editor-given, editor-given1, editor1-given. OR: for multiple editors, use editor-last1, editor-first1 through editor-lastn, editor-firstn (Aliases: editorn-last, editor-surnamen or editorn-surname; editorn-first, editor-givenn or editorn-given; editorn). For an individual editor plus an institutional editor, you can use Template:ParaTemplate:Para Template:Para. editor-link: title of existing Wikipedia article about the editor—not the editor's website; do not wikilink. Aliases: editor-link1. OR: for multiple editors, use editor-link1 through editor-linkn (alias editorn-link). name-list-style: accepts a limited list of keywords as value; when set to amp, ampersand, or &, inserts an ampersand between the last two names in a name list; when set to and, inserts the conjunction 'and' between the last two names of a name list; when set to vancdisplays name lists in Vancouver style when the lists use the last/first forms of name parameters. veditors: comma separated list of editor names in Vancouver style; enclose corporate or institutional names in doubled parentheses. End with etal if appropriate: Template:Para editor-linkn and editor-maskn may be used for the individual names in Template:Para, as described above Display: Use display-editors to control the length of the displayed editor name list and to specify when "et al." is included. If authors: Authors are first, followed by the included work, then "In" and the editors, then the main work. If no authors: Editors appear before the included work; a single editor is followed by "ed."; multiple editors are followed by "eds." Title title: Title of source. Can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays unformatted, without italics or quotes. If script-title is defined, use title to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-title. script-title: Original title for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in title (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script: ... |title=Tōkyō tawā |script-title=ja:東京タワー |trans-title=Tokyo Tower ... trans-title: English translation of the title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after title. Use of the language parameter is recommended. Titles containing certain characters will not display and link correctly unless those characters are encoded. newline [ ] space &#91; &#93; {{!}} (preferred) {{bracket|text}} &#124; or {{pipe}} – REDIRECT Template:Crossreference title-link: Title of existing Wikipedia article about the source named in title – do not use a web address; do not wikilink. language: The language (or a comma-separated list of the languages) in which the source is written, as either the ISO 639 language code (preferred) or the full language name. Examples: Template:Para; Template:Para; Template:Para; Template:Para. See the list of supported codes and names. Do not use templates or wikilinks. Displays in parentheses with "in" before the language name or names. When the only source language is English, no language is displayed in the citation. The use of languages recognized by the citation module adds the page to the appropriate subcategory of Category:CS1 foreign language sources. Because cs1|2 templates are often copied from en.wiki to other wikis, the use of language codes is preferred so that language names render in the correct language and form: espagnol at a French-language wiki instead of the English word "Spanish". Aliases: lang URL url: URL of an online location where the text of the publication named by title can be found. Cannot be used if title is wikilinked. If applicable, the link may point to the specific page(s) referenced. Remove tracking parameters from URLs, e.g. #ixzz2rBr3aO94 or ?utm_source=google&utm_medium=...&utm_term=...&utm_campaign=.... REDIRECT Template:Crossreference Do not link to any commercial booksellers, such as Amazon; use Template:Para or Template:Para to provide neutral search links for books. Invalid URLs, including those containing spaces, will result in an error message. access-date: Full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article; do not wikilink; requires url; use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. Not required for linked documents that do not change. For example, access-date is required for online sources, such as personal websites, that do not have a publication date; see WP:CITEWEB. Access dates are not required for links to published research papers, published books, or news articles with publication dates. Note that access-date is the date that the URL was found to be working and to support the text being cited. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Can be hidden or styled by registered editors. Alias: accessdate. archive-url: The URL of an archived snapshot of a web page. Typically used to refer to services such as Internet Archive REDIRECT Template:Crossreference , WebCite REDIRECT Template:Crossreference and archive.today REDIRECT Template:Crossreference ; requires archive-date and url. By default (overridden by Template:Para) the archived link is displayed first, with the original link at the end. Alias: archiveurl. archive-date: Archive-service snapshot-date; preceded in display by default text "archived from the original on". Use the same format as other access and archive dates in the citations. This does not necessarily have to be the same format that was used for citing publication dates. Do not wikilink; templated dates are discouraged. See "Automatic date formatting" above for details about interaction with {{use dmy dates}} and {{use mdy dates}}. Alias: archivedate. url-status: this optional parameter is ignored if archive-url is not set. If omitted, or with null value, the default value is Template:Para. When the URL is still live, but pre-emptively archived, then set Template:Para; this changes the display order, with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end. When the original URL is 'live' but no longer supports the article text, set Template:Para. When the original URL has been usurped for the purposes of spam, advertising, or is otherwise unsuitable, setting Template:Para or Template:Para suppresses display of the original URL (but Template:Para and Template:Para are still required). archive-format: File format of the work referred to by archive-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after the archive link. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. REDIRECT Template:Crossreference url-access: REDIRECT Template:Crossreference format: File format of the work referred to by url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after title. (For media format, use type.) HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. REDIRECT Template:Crossreference URLs must begin with a supported URI scheme. http:// and https:// will be supported by all browsers; however, ftp://, gopher://, irc://, ircs://, mailto: and news: may require a plug-in or an external application and should normally be avoided. IPv6 host-names are currently not supported. If URLs in citation template parameters contain certain characters, then they will not display and link correctly. Those characters need to be percent-encoded. For example, a space must be replaced by %20. To encode the URL, replace the following characters with: Character space " ' < > [ ] { | } Encoding %20 %22 %27 %3C %3E %5B %5D %7B %7C %7D Single apostrophes do not need to be encoded; however, unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup. Single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded; however, an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion. Periodical work (required by {{cite journal}} and {{cite magazine}}): Name of the work containing the source; may be wikilinked if relevant. Displays in italics. If the name of the periodical changed over time use the name at the time of the source's publication. If script-work is defined, use work to hold a Romanization (if available) of the title in script-work. Aliases: journal, newspaper, magazine, periodical, website. Use Latin script. For languages written in non-Latin based scripts (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Indic, Japanese, Korean, etc.) use a standard Romanization in this field. script-work: Work title in its original, non-Latin script; not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in work (if present). Must be prefixed with one of the script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script. Leave empty for Latin-based scripts (Czech, French, Turkish, Vietnamese, etc.). Aliases: script-journal, script-newspaper, script-magazine, script-periodical, script-website. trans-work: English translation of the work title if the source cited is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets after work or script-work. Aliases: trans-journal, trans-newspaper, trans-magazine, trans-periodical, trans-website. ... |work=Zhōngguó piàofáng |script-work=zh:中国票房 |trans-work=China Box Office ... issue: When the publication is one of a series that is published periodically. Alias: number. When the issue has a special title of its own, this may be given, in italics, along with the issue number, e.g. Template:Para. Please choose either Template:Para or Template:Para depending on what is used in the actual publication. If a publication carries both issue and number designations (typically one being a year-relative and the other an absolute value), provide them both, for example Template:Para. Displayed in parentheses following volume. department: Title of a regular department, column, or section within the periodical or journal. Examples include "Communication", "Editorial", "Letter to the Editor", and "Review". Displays after title and is in plain text. When set, work changes the formatting of other parameters in the same citation: title is not italicized and is enclosed in quotes. chapter does not display (and will produce an error message). Publisher publisher: Name of publisher; may be wikilinked if relevant. The publisher is the company, organization or other legal entity that publishes the work being cited. Do not use the publisher parameter for the name of a work (e.g. a website, book, encyclopedia, newspaper, magazine, journal, etc.). If the name of the publisher changed over time use the name as stated in the publication or at the time of the source's publication. Corporate designations such as "Ltd", "Inc.", or "GmbH" are not usually included. Not normally used for periodicals. Omit where the publisher's name is substantially the same as the name of the work (for example, The New York Times Co. publishes The New York Times newspaper, so there is no reason to name the publisher). Displays after title. place: For news stories with a dateline, that is, the location where the story was written. If the name of the location changed over time use the name as stated in the publication or at the time of the source's publication. In earlier versions of the template this was the publication place, and for compatibility, will be treated as the publication place if the publication-place parameter is absent; see that parameter for further information. Alias: location publication-place: Geographical place of publication; generally not wikilinked; omit when the name of the work includes the publication place; examples: The Boston Globe, The Times of India. Displays after the title. If the name of the publication place changed over time use the name as stated in the publication or at the time of the source's publication. If only one of publication-place, place, or location is defined, it will be treated as the publication place and will show after the title; if publication-place and place or location are defined, then place or location is shown before the title prefixed with "written at" and publication-place is shown after the title. publication-date: Date of publication when different from the date the work was written. Displays only if date (or year) are defined and only if different, else publication-date is used and displayed as date. Use the same format as other dates in the article; do not wikilink. Follows publisher; if work is not defined, then publication-date is preceded by "published" and enclosed in parenthesis. via: Name of the content deliverer (if different from publisher). via is not a replacement for publisher, but provides additional detail. It may be used when the content deliverer presents the source in a format other than the original (e.g. NewsBank), when the URL provided does not make clear the identity of the deliverer, where no URL or DOI is available (EBSCO), or if the deliverer requests attribution. REDIRECT Template:Crossreference Edition, series, volume edition: When the publication has more than one edition; for example: "2nd", "Revised", and so forth. Appends the string " ed." after the field, so Template:Para produces "2nd ed." Does not display if a periodical field is defined. series or version: When the source is part of a series, such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted. volume: For one publication published in several volumes. Displays after the title and series fields; volume numbers should be entered just as a numeral (e.g. 37). Volume values that are wholly digits, wholly uppercase Roman numerals, or fewer than five characters will appear in bold. Any alphanumeric value of five or more characters will not appear in bold. In rare cases, publications carry both an ongoing volume and a year-related value; if so, provide them both, for example |volume=IV / #10. In-source locations page: The number of a single page in the source that supports the content. Use either Template:Para or Template:Para, but not both. Displays preceded by p. unless Template:Para or work (or an alias) is defined. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. Template:Para), otherwise several editors and semi-automated tools will assume this was a misuse of the parameter to indicate a page range and will convert Template:Para to Template:Para. Alias: p. OR: pages: A range of pages in the source that supports the content. Use either Template:Para or Template:Para, but not both. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,); do not use to indicate the total number of pages in the source. Displays preceded by pp. unless Template:Para or work (or an alias) is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of Template:Para without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: Template:Para. Alternatively, use Template:Para, like this: Template:Para. Alias: pp. no-pp: Set to yes, y, or true to suppress the p. or pp. notations where this is inappropriate; for example, where Template:Para or Template:Para. OR: at: For sources where a page number is inappropriate or insufficient. Overridden by Template:Para or Template:Para. Use only one of Template:Para, Template:Para, or Template:Para. Examples: page (p.) or pages (pp.); section (sec.), column (col.), paragraph (para.); track; hours, minutes and seconds; act, scene, canto, book, part, folio, stanza, back cover, liner notes, indicia, colophon, dust jacket, verse. For Template:Para and Template:Para used in conjunction with Template:Para, see here. Identifiers id: A unique identifier, used where none of the specialized identifiers are applicable; wikilink or use an external link template as applicable. For example, Template:Para will append "NCJ 122967" at the end of the citation. You can use templates such as Template:Para to append NCJ 122967 instead. docket: Docket number. The following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value. Using multiple values or other text will break the link and/or invalidate the identifier. In general, the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier, e.g. |rfc=822 or |pmc=345678. arxiv: arXiv identifier; for example: |arxiv=hep-th/9205027 (before April 2007) or |arxiv=0706.0001 (April 2007 – December 2014) or |arxiv=1501.00001 (since January 2015). Do not include extraneous file extensions like ".pdf" or ".html". Aliases: eprint. asin: Amazon Standard Identification Number; if first character of asin value is a digit, use isbn. Because this link favours one specific distributor, include it only if standard identifiers are not available. Example |asin=B00005N5PF. Aliases: ASIN. asin-tld: ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US; valid values: ae, au, br, ca, cn, de, es, fr, in, it, jp, mx, nl, pl, sa, se, sg, tr, uk. Aliases: none. bibcode: bibcode; used by a number of astronomical data systems; for example: 1974AJ.....79..819H. Aliases: none. biorxiv: bioRxiv id, as in the entire DOI (e.g. 10.1101/078733 for http://biorxiv.org/content/early/2016/10/01/078733 or https://doi.org/10.1101/078733; 10.1101/2020.07.24.220400 for https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.220400). Aliases: none. citeseerx: CiteSeerX id, a string of digits and dots found in a CiteSeerX URL (e.g. 10.1.1.176.341 for http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.176.341). Aliases: none. doi: Digital object identifier; for example: 10.1038/news070508-7. It is checked to ensure it begins with (10.). Aliases: DOI. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid DOIs using a non-standard format, see below. doi-broken-date: Date a valid DOI was found to be non-working/inactive at https://doi.org. Use the same format as other dates in the article. Aliases: none. eissn: International Standard Serial Number for the electronic media of a serial publication; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |eissn=1557-2986. Aliases: EISSN. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid eISSNs using a non-standard format, see below. hdl: Handle System identifier for digital objects and other resources on the Internet; example |hdl=20.1000/100. Aliases: HDL. isbn: International Standard Book Number; for example: 978-0-8126-9593-9. REDIRECT Template:Crossreference Hyphens in the ISBN are optional, but preferred. Use the ISBN actually printed on or in the book. Use the 13-digit ISBN – beginning with 978 or 979 – when it is available. If only a 10-digit ISBN is printed on or in the book, use it. ISBNs can be found on the page with the publisher's information – usually the back of the title page – or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 (barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not ISBNs). For sources with the older 9-digit SBN system, use sbn. Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens, with "X" permitted as the last character in a 10-digit ISBN – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISBN. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISBNs using a non-standard format, see below. ismn: International Standard Music Number; for example: 979-0-9016791-7-7. Hyphens or spaces in the ISMN are optional. Use the ISMN actually printed on or in the work. This parameter should hold only the ISMN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces, and hyphens – and the proper check digit. Aliases: ISMN. issn: International Standard Serial Number; eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen, but not an en dash or a space; example |issn=2049-3630. Aliases: ISSN. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid ISSNs using a non-standard format, see below. jfm: Template:Lang; do not include "JFM" in the value; example |jfm=53.0144.01. Aliases: JFM. jstor: JSTOR reference number; for example: |jstor=3793107. Aliases: JSTOR. lccn: Library of Congress Control Number. When present, alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space; example |lccn=79-57364 or |lccn=2004042477 or |lccn=e09001178. Aliases: LCCN. mr: Mathematical Reviews; example |mr=630583. Aliases: MR. oclc: OCLC Number for looking up publications in the WorldCat union catalog; example |oclc=9355469. Aliases: OCLC. ol: Open Library identifier; do not include "OL" in the value; example |ol=7030731M. Aliases: OL. osti: Office of Scientific and Technical Information; example |osti=4367507. Aliases: OSTI. pmc: PubMed Central; use article number for open repository full-text of a journal article, e.g. |pmc=345678. Do not include "PMC" in the value. REDIRECT Template:Crossreference . Aliases: PMC. pmc-embargo-date: Date that pmc goes live; if this date is in the future, then pmc is not linked until that date. Aliases: none. pmid: PubMed; use unique identifier; example |pmid=17322060 REDIRECT Template:Crossreference Aliases: PMID. rfc: Request for Comments; example |rfc=3143. Aliases: RFC. sbn: Standard Book Number; example |sbn=356-02201-3. Aliases: SBN. Supports accept-this-as-written markup to indicate valid SBNs using a non-standard format, see below. ssrn: Social Science Research Network; example |ssrn=1900856. Aliases: SSRN. s2cid: Semantic Scholar corpus ID; example |s2cid=37220927. Aliases: S2CID. zbl: Template:Lang; example |zbl=0472.53010 For zbMATH search results like JFM 35.0387.02 use |jfm=35.0387.02. Aliases: ZBL. In very rare cases, valid identifiers (f.e., as actually printed on publications) do not follow their defined standard format or use non-conforming checksums, which would typically cause an error message to be shown. Do not alter them to match a different checksum. In order to suppress the error message, some identifiers (Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, and Template:Para) support a special accept-this-as-written markup which can be applied to disable the error-checking (as Template:Para). If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message. For some identifiers, it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding Template:Para parameter. For {{cite journal}}, some identifiers (specifying free resources) will automatically be linked to the title when Template:Para and Template:Para are not used to specify a different link target. This behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for Template:Para to manually select a specific source (Template:Para or Template:Para) for auto-linking or to disable the feature (Template:Para). It is not necessary to specify a URL to a link identical to a link also produced by an identifier. The Template:Para parameter (or Template:Para) can then be used for providing a direct deep link to the corresponding document or a convenience link to a resource that would not otherwise be obviously accessible. Subscription or registration required Citations of online sources that require registration or a subscription are acceptable in Wikipedia as documented in Verifiability § Access to sources. As a courtesy to readers and other editors, editors should signal restrictions on access to material provided via the external links included in a citation. These levels describe requirements or constraints related to accessing and viewing the cited material; they are not intended to indicate the ability to reuse, or the copyright status, of the material, since that status is not relevant to verifying claims in articles. Four access levels can be used: access indicator for named identifiers: free: the source is free to read for anyone (from the viewpoint of the provider of the source – could still be blocked by client-side filtering or safeguarding, or distributor-based geoblocking) access indicators for url-holding parameters: registration: a free registration with the provider of the source is required to access the source, even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without registration limited: there are other constraints (such as a cap on daily views, a restriction to certain day or night times, or providing the contents only to certain IP ranges/locales on behalf of the provider of the source) to freely access this source as a whole subscription: the source as a whole is only accessible via a paid subscription with the provider of the source ("paywall"), even if a limited preview, abstract or review may still be available without subscription As there are often multiple external links with different access levels in the same citation, each value is attributed to a specific external link. Access indicators for url-holding parameters Online sources linked by Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, Template:Para, and Template:Para are presumed to be free-to-read. When they are not free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. Because the sources linked by these url-holding parameters are presumed to be free-to-read, they may not be marked as free. URL-holding and access-indicator parameters URL Access Allowed keywords Template:Para Template:Para registration limited subscription Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para For example, this cites a web page that requires registration but not subscription: {{cite web |url=https://example.com/nifty_data.php |url-access=registration |date=2021-04-15 |title=Nifty example data}} which renders as: "Nifty example data". 2021-04-15. Access indicator for named identifiers Links inserted by named identifiers are presumed to lie behind a paywall or registration barrier – exceptions listed below. When they are free-to-read, editors should mark those sources with the matching access-indicator parameter so that an appropriate icon is included in the rendered citation. When the sources linked by these named-identifier parameters are not presumed to carry a free-to-read full text (for instance because they're just abstracting services), they may not be marked as limited, registration, or subscription. Named-identifier and access-indicator parameters Identifier Access Allowed keywords Template:Para Template:Para free Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Some named-identifiers are always free-to-read. For those named identifiers there are no access-indicator parameters; the access level is automatically indicated by the template. These named identifiers are: Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para Template:Para For embargoed pmc that will become available in the future, see pmc-embargo-date. Lay summary These parameters are deprecated. If the source that they name is important to the Wikipedia article, create a separate cs1|2 template for that source. lay-url: (deprecated) URL link to a non-technical summary or review of the source; the URL title is set to "Lay summary". lay-source: (deprecated) Name of the source of the lay summary. Displays in italics and preceded by a spaced endash. lay-date: (deprecated) Date of the lay summary. Displays in parentheses. lay-format: (deprecated) File format of the work referred to by lay-url; for example: PDF, DOC, or XLS; displayed in parentheses after lay summary. HTML is implied and should not be specified. File format annotation is automatically rendered when a PDF icon is displayed. Does not change the external link icon. Note: External link icons do not include alt text; thus, they do not add file format information for the visually impaired. REDIRECT Template:Crossreference Quote quote: Relevant text quoted from the source. Displays enclosed in quotes. When supplied, the citation terminator (a period by default) is suppressed, so the quote must include terminating punctuation. If script-quote is defined, use quote to hold a Romanization (if available) of the text in script-quote. script-quote: Original quotation for languages that do not use a Latin-based script (Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc.); not italicized, follows italicized Romanization defined in quote (if available). Alias: none. Must be prefixed with one of the script-<param>= language codes|supported language codes to help browsers properly display the script: ... |quote=Tōkyō tawā |script-quote=ja:東京タワー |trans-quote=Tokyo Tower ... trans-quote: English translation of the quotation if the source quoted is in a foreign language. Displays in square brackets. Alias: none. quote-page: The number of a single page quoted in Template:Para. Use either Template:Para or Template:Para, but not both. Should be a subset of the page(s) specified in Template:Para, Template:Para or Template:Para. Displays preceded by p. unless Template:Para. If hyphenated, use {{hyphen}} to indicate this is intentional (e.g. Template:Para). Alias: none. OR: quote-pages: A list or range of pages quoted in Template:Para. Use either Template:Para or Template:Para, but not both. Should be a subset of the pages specified in Template:Para or Template:Para. Separate using an en dash (–); separate non-sequential pages with a comma (,). Displays preceded by pp. unless Template:Para is defined. Hyphens are automatically converted to en dashes; if hyphens are appropriate because individual page numbers contain hyphens, for example: pp. 3-1–3-15, use double parentheses to tell the template to display the value of Template:Para without processing it, and use {{hyphen}} to indicate to editors that a hyphen is really intended: Template:Para. Alias: none. Anchor ref: the citation's HTML anchor identifier, when different from its default. When set, Template:Para generates an anchor with the given ID (the id= attribute in the citation's <cite id="ID"> HTML tag). Setting Template:Para identifies the template as a target and allows wikilinking to full references, especially useful with short-form citations like shortened notes and parenthetical referencing. The default anchor ID is suitable for use with {{sfn}} and {{harv}} templates. Since April 2020, the parameter / keyword pair Template:Para has no special meaning; this deprecated setting should not be used and may be removed from existing cs1|2 templates. To inhibit anchor ID creation, set Template:Para. Aliases: none. REDIRECT Template:Crossreference Display options mode: Sets element separator, default terminal punctuation, and certain capitalization according to the value provided. For Template:Para, element separator and terminal punctuation is a period (.); where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are capitalized ('Retrieved...'). For Template:Para, element separator is a comma (,); terminal punctuation is omitted; where appropriate, initial letters of certain words are not capitalized ('retrieved...'). To override default terminal punctuation use postscript. author-mask: contributor-mask: editor-mask: interviewer-mask: subject-mask: translator-mask: Replaces the name of the (first) author with em dashes or text. Set <name>-mask to a numeric value n to set the dash n em spaces wide; set <name>-mask to a text value to display the text without a trailing author separator; for example, "with". The numeric value 0 is a special case to be used in conjunction with <name>-link—in this case, the value of <name>-link will be used as (linked) text. In either case, you must still include the values for all names for metadata purposes. Primarily intended for use with bibliographies or bibliography styles where multiple works by a single author are listed sequentially such as shortened footnotes. Do not use in a list generated by {{reflist}}, <references /> or similar as there is no control of the order in which references are displayed. Mask parameters can take an enumerator in the name of the parameter (e.g. Template:Para) to apply the mask to a specific name. display-authors: display-contributors: display-editors: display-interviewers: display-subjects: display-translators: Controls the number of author or editor names that are displayed when a citation is published. To change the displayed number of names, set display-authors and/or display-editors to the desired number. For example, Template:Para will display only the first two authors in a citation (and not affect the display of editors). Likewise, Template:Para will display only the first two editors (and all authors). Template:Para and Template:Para are special cases suppressing the display of all authors or editors including the et al. By default, all authors and editors are displayed. Template:Para displays all authors in the list followed by et al. Aliases: none. postscript: Controls the closing punctuation for a citation; defaults to a period (.); for no terminating punctuation, specify Template:Para – leaving Template:Para empty is the same as omitting it, but is ambiguous. Additional text or templates beyond the terminating punctuation may generate an error message. Template:Para is ignored if quote is defined. TemplateData This is the TemplateData for this template used by TemplateWizard, VisualEditor and other tools. Click here to see a monthly parameter usage report for this template based on this TemplateData. TemplateData for Cite report This template formats a citation to an article in a magazine or journal, using the provided source information (e.g. journal name, author, title, issue, URL) and various formatting options. Template parameters[Edit template data] Parameter Description Type Status URL url URL The URL of the online location where the text of the publication can be found Line suggested Title title The title of the article; can be wikilinked to an existing Wikipedia article or url may be used to add an external link, but not both. Displays in quotes. Content required Last name last author author1 authors last1 The surname of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Line suggested First name first first1 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink'; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Line suggested Last name 2 last2 author2 The surname of the second author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink2'. Line optional First name 2 first2 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the second author; don't wikilink. Line optional Source date date Full date of the source; do not wikilink Date required Publisher publisher Name of the publisher; displays after title Content optional Issue issue Issue identifier when the source is part of a series that is published periodically Line suggested DOI doi Digital Object Identifier; begins with '10.' String suggested DOI broken date doi-broken-date The date that the DOI was determined to be broken Date optional Location of publication location Geographical place of publication; usually not wikilinked. String optional Publication date publication-date Date of publication when different from the date the work was written; do not wikilink Date optional Edition edition When the publication has more than one edition; for example: '2nd', 'Revised' etc.; suffixed with ' ed.' Line optional Volume volume For one publication published in several volumes Line suggested Page page Page in the source that supports the content; displays after 'p.' Line optional Pages pages Pages in the source that support the content (not an indication of the number of pages in the source; displays after 'pp.' Line optional Language language The language in which the source is written, if not English; use the full language name; do not use icons or templates Content optional arXiv identifier arxiv An identifier for arXive electronic preprints of scientific papers Line optional ASIN asin Amazon Standard Identification Number; 10 characters Line optional ASIN TLD asin-tld ASIN top-level domain for Amazon sites other than the US Line optional Bibcode bibcode Bibliographic Reference Code (REFCODE); 19 characters Line optional biorXiv biorxiv biorXiv identifier; 6 digits Line optional CiteSeerX citeseerx CiteSeerX identifier; found after the 'doi=' query parameter Line optional ISBN isbn International Standard Book Number; use the 13-digit ISBN where possible Line optional ISSN issn International Standard Serial Number; 8 characters; may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen Line optional jfm code jfm Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik classification code Line optional JSTOR jstor JSTOR identifier Line optional LCCN lccn Library of Congress Control Number Line optional MR mr Mathematical Reviews identifier Line optional OCLC oclc Online Computer Library Center number Number optional OL ol Open Library identifier Line optional OSTI osti Office of Scientific and Technical Information identifier Line optional PMC pmc PubMed Center article number Number optional PMID pmid PubMed Unique Identifier Line suggested id id A unique identifier used where none of the specialized ones are applicable Line optional docket docket Docket number Line optional Quote quote Relevant text quoted from the source; displays last, enclosed in quotes; needs to include terminating punctuation Content optional Last name 3 last3 author3 The surname of the third author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink3'. Line optional First name 3 first3 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the third author; don't wikilink. Line optional Last name 4 last4 author4 The surname of the forth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink4'. Line optional First name 4 first4 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the forth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Last name 5 last5 author5 The surname of the fifth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink5'. Line optional First name 5 first5 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the fifth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Last name 6 last6 author6 The surname of the sixth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink6'. Line optional First name 6 first6 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the sixth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Last name 7 last7 author7 The surname of the seventh author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink7'. Line optional First name 7 first7 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the seventh author; don't wikilink. Line optional Last name 8 last8 author8 The surname of the eighth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink8'. Line optional First name 8 first8 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the eighth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Last name 9 last9 author9 The surname of the ninth author; don't wikilink, use 'authorlink9'. If nine authors are defined, then only eight will show and 'et al.' will show in place of the last author. Line optional First name 9 first9 Given or first name, middle names, or initials of the ninth author; don't wikilink. Line optional Author link author-link authorlink Title of existing Wikipedia article about the author; can suffix with a numeral to add additional authors Page name optional Author link 2 author-link2 author2-link authorlink2 Title of existing Wikipedia article about the second author. Page name optional URL access date access-date accessdate The full date when the original URL was accessed; do not wikilink Date suggested Archive URL archive-url archiveurl The URL of an archived copy of a web page, if or in case the URL becomes unavailable; requires 'archivedate' Line optional Archive date archive-date Date the url in the field 'archive-url' was archived. Example 2018-01-24 Date optional Author link 3 author-link3 author3-link authorlink3 Title of existing Wikipedia article about the third author. Page name optional Author link 4 author-link4 author4-link authorlink4 Title of existing Wikipedia article about the forth author. Page name optional Author link 5 author-link5 author5-link authorlink5 Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. Page name optional Author link 6 author-link6 author6-link authorlink6 Title of existing Wikipedia article about the sixth author. Page name optional Author link 7 author-link7 author7-link authorlink7 Title of existing Wikipedia article about the seventh author. Page name optional Author link 8 author-link8 author8-link authorlink8 Title of existing Wikipedia article about the eighth author. Page name optional Author link 9 author-link9 author9-link authorlink9 Title of existing Wikipedia article about the ninth author. Page name optional Format format Format of the work referred to by 'url' ('url' is required when using 'format'); examples: PDF, DOC, XLS; do not specify HTML Content optional URL access level url-access Classification of the access restrictions on the URL ('registration', 'subscription' or 'limited') String optional Bibcode access level bibcode-access If the full text is available from ADS via this Bibcode, type 'free'. String optional DOI access level doi-access If the full text is free to read via the DOI, type 'free'. String optional HDL access level hdl-access If the full text is free to read via the HDL, type 'free'. String optional Jstor access level jstor-access If the full text is free to read on Jstor, type 'free'. String optional OpenLibrary access level ol-access If the full text is free to read on OpenLibrary, type 'free'. String optional HDL access level osti-access If the full text is free to read on OSTI, type 'free'. String optional The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Cite report/doc. (edit | history) Editors can experiment in this template's sandbox (create | mirror) and testcases (create) pages. Add categories to the /doc subpage. Subpages of this template.